********************************************************************************
****************** Corruption Is Bad New for a Free Press  *********************
********************************************************************************
***************  Jonathan A. Solis and Leonardo Antenangeli  *******************
********************************************************************************

*****************************************
******LOAD/PREPARE DATASET***************
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 
*****************************************

clear
cd "C:\Users\LouvaDeus\Dropbox\MPSA 2016\Data\Replication" 
import delimited "01232017_reup"

*Drop all years before 1960
drop if year<=1959

*****************************************
*Remove years without self-rule**********
*****************************************

******Starting with full year of independence
*Fiji
drop if country_id==162 & year<=1970 
*Papua New Guinea
drop if country_id==93 & year<=1975
*Solomon Islands
drop if country_id==203 & year<=1976
*Vanuatu
drop if country_id==206 & year<=1980
*Easy Timor/Timor Leste
drop if country_id==74 & year<=2002
*Cambodia
drop if country_id==55 & inrange(year, 1978, 1993)
*Bangladesh
drop if country_id==24 & year==1971
*Maldives
drop if country_id==88 & year<=1965
*Afghanistan
drop if country_id==36 & inrange(year, 1979, 1989)
drop if country_id==36 & year>=2001
*Armenia
drop if country_id==105 & year<=1991
*Azerbaijan
drop if country_id==106 & year<=1991
*Belarus
drop if country_id==107 & year<=1991
*Georgia
drop if country_id==118 & year<=1991
*Kazakhstan
drop if country_id==121 & year<=1991
*Kyrgystan
drop if country_id==122 & year<=1991
*Tajikistan
drop if country_id==133 & year<=1991
*Turkmenstan
drop if country_id==136 & year<=1991
*Ukraine
drop if country_id==100 & year<=1991
*Uzbekistan
drop if country_id==140 & year<=1991
*Cyprus
drop if country_id==156 & year<=1960
*Slovakia
drop if country_id==201 & year<=1993
*Estonia
drop if country_id==161 & year<=1991
*Latvia
drop if country_id==84 & year<=1991
*Lithuania
drop if country_id==173 & year<=1991
*Moldova
drop if country_id==126 & year<=1991
*Bosnia
drop if country_id==150 & year<=1994
*Croatia
drop if country_id==154 & year<=1994
*Kosovo
drop if country_id==43
*Macedonia
drop if country_id==176 & year<=1991
*Montenegro
drop if country_id==183
*Slovenia
drop if country_id==202 & year<=1991
*Iraq
drop if country_id==80 & year>=2003
*Palestine_british
drop if country_id==209
*Palestine_Gaza
drop if country_id==138
*Palestine_West
drop if country_id==128
*Syria
drop if country_id==97 & year<=1961
*Qatar
drop if country_id==94 & year<=1971
**South Yemen
drop if country_id==23 & year<=1967
*Algeria
drop if country_id==103 & year<=1962
*Angola
drop if country_id==104 & year<=1975
*Benin
drop if country_id==52 & year<=1960
*Botswana
drop if country_id==68 & year<=1966
*Burundi
drop if country_id==69 & year<=1961
*Rwanda
drop if country_id==129 & year<=1962
*Cameroon
drop if country_id==108 & year<=1960
*Cape Verdi
drop if country_id==70 & year<=1975
*Comoros
drop if country_id==153 & year<=1975
*Congo_Republic
drop if country_id==112 & year<=1960
*Congo_Democratic
drop if country_id==111 & year<=1960
*Djibouti
drop if country_id==113 & year<=1977
*Eritrea
drop if country_id==115 & year<=1993
*Gabon
drop if country_id==116 & year<=1960
*Gambia
drop if country_id==117 & year<=1965
*Guinea-Bissau
drop if country_id==119 & year<=1973
*Ivory Coast
drop if country_id==64 & year<=1960
*Kenya
drop if country_id==40 & year<=1963
*Lesotho
drop if country_id==85 & year<=1966
*Mauritania
drop if country_id==65 & year<=1960
*Mauritius
drop if country_id==180 & year<=1968
*Mozambique
drop if country_id==57 & year<=1975
*Namibia
drop if country_id==127 & year<=1990
*Niger
drop if country_id==60 & year<=1960
*Nigeria
drop if country_id==45 & year<=1960
*Sao Tome Prin.
drop if country_id==196 & year<=1975
*Senegal
drop if country_id==31 & year<=1960
*Seychelles
drop if country_id==199 & year<=1976
*Sierra Leone
drop if country_id==95 & year<=1961
*Somali
drop if country_id==130 & year<=1960
*Somaliland
drop if country_id==139
*South Sudan
drop if country_id==32
*Swaziland
drop if country_id==132 & year<=1968 
*Tanzania
drop if country_id==47 & year<=1961
*Togo
drop if country_id==134 & year<=1960
*Uganda
drop if country_id==50 & year<=1962
*Malawi
drop if country_id==87 & year<=1964
*Zambia
drop if country_id==61 & year<=1964
*Zimbabwe
drop if country_id==62 & year<=1964
*Barbados
drop if country_id==147 & year<=1966
*Dominican Republic
drop if country_id==114 & inrange(year, 1965, 1966)
*Guyana
drop if country_id==166 & year<=1966
*Jamaica
drop if country_id==120 & year<=1962
*Trinidad
drop if country_id==135 & year<=1962
*Suriname
drop if country_id==4 & year<=1975

*************************************************
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
****Alter Existing/Create New Variables**********
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
*************************************************

********************************************************************
*****Recode/invert censorship variables for intuitive interpretation
********************************************************************

*Trad. Media Censorship
gen trad_inv = trad_cen*-1

*New Media Censorship
gen new_inv = new_cen*-1

*****Log GDP p/c
gen wb_lg = log(wbgdp)

***************************
****Make Region Dummies
***************************

rename ht_region qog

*Generate empty dummy variables
*******************************
gen eeuro1 = .
gen la_carib2 = .
gen mena3 = .
gen ssa4 = .
gen weuro5 = .
gen asia6 = .
*****Populate seven groups

*e. europe/former communist
replace eeuro1 = 1 if qog==1
replace eeuro1 = 0 if qog!=1

*la and carib
replace la_carib2 = 1 if qog==2
replace la_carib2 = 1 if qog==10
replace la_carib2 = 0 if la_carib2==.

*mena
replace mena3 = 1 if qog==3
replace mena3 = 0 if qog!=3

*ssa
replace ssa4 = 1 if qog==4
replace ssa4 = 0 if qog!=4

*w. europe/n.america
replace weuro5 = 1 if qog==5
replace weuro5 = 0 if qog!=5

*asia
replace asia6 = 1 if qog==6
replace asia6 = 1 if qog==7
replace asia6 = 1 if qog==8
replace asia6 = 1 if qog==9
replace asia6 = 0 if asia6==.

*****Tab countries in regions (see each country in each group)

*fmr communist E. Europ and C. Asia
tab country_name if eeuro==1

*Latin America and Carib.
tab country_name if la_carib2==1 

*Middle East/N. Africa
tab country_name if mena3==1 

*Sub-Saharan Africa
tab country_name if ssa4==1 

*W. Europe + USA, Canada, New Z., etc.
tab country_name if weuro5==1 

*Asia
tab country_name if asia6==1 

********Generate Epstein et al. trichotomous demo
*************************************************
gen polity_ord = .

replace polity_ord = 0 if inrange(polity2, -10, 0)
replace polity_ord = 1 if inrange(polity2, 1, 7)
replace polity_ord = 2 if inrange(polity2, 8, 10)

****Summary Statistics (global)
sum trad_inv new_inv execorr polity2 cmedia edu oppo_ord wb_lg

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 
******************************************************
***********REGRESSION ANALAYSIS***********************
******************************************************
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 

*set to time series
tsset country_id year

*********************************
**********MAIN ANALYSIS**********
*********************************

*DV: Trad. Media Censorship
****************************

***********
**Model 1**
***********
xtreg trad_inv l.trad_inv execorr, fe 

***********
**Model 2**
***********
xtreg trad_inv l.trad_inv execorr polity2 cmedia edu oppo_ord wb_lg, fe 

*DV: New Media Censorship
*************************

***********
**Model 3**
***********
xtreg new_inv l.new_inv execorr, fe 

***********
**Model 4**
***********
xtreg new_inv l.new_inv execorr polity2 cmedia edu oppo_ord wb_lg, fe 

***************************************************************
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
**********REGIONAL ANALYSIS************************************
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 
***************************************************************

*DV: Trad. Media Censorship
****************************

*****Eastern Euro/C. Asia
xtreg trad_inv l.trad_inv execorr polity2 cmedia edu oppo_ord wb_lg if eeuro1 == 1, fe
*****Latin Amer./Caribe
xtreg trad_inv l.trad_inv execorr polity2 cmedia edu oppo_ord wb_lg if la_carib2 == 1, fe
*****Middle East/N. Africa
xtreg trad_inv l.trad_inv execorr polity2 cmedia edu oppo_ord wb_lg if  mena3 == 1, fe
*****Sub-Sah. Africa
xtreg trad_inv l.trad_inv execorr polity2 cmedia edu oppo_ord wb_lg if  ssa4 == 1, fe
*****Western Europe/USA, Canada, Australia, New Zeeland
xtreg trad_inv l.trad_inv execorr polity2 cmedia edu oppo_ord wb_lg if  weuro5 == 1, fe
*********Asia
xtreg trad_inv l.trad_inv execorr polity2 cmedia edu oppo_ord wb_lg if asia6 == 1, fe

*DV: New Media Censorship
****************************

*****Eastern Euro/C. Asia
xtreg new_inv l.new_inv execorr polity2 cmedia edu oppo_ord wb_lg if eeuro1 == 1, fe
*****Latin Amer./Caribe
xtreg new_inv l.new_inv execorr polity2 cmedia edu oppo_ord wb_lg if la_carib2 == 1, fe
*****Middle East/N. Africa
xtreg new_inv l.new_inv execorr polity2 cmedia edu oppo_ord wb_lg if  mena3 == 1, fe
*****Sub-Sah. Africa
xtreg new_inv l.new_inv execorr polity2 cmedia edu oppo_ord wb_lg if  ssa4 == 1, fe
*****Western Europe/USA, Canada, Australia, New Zeeland
xtreg new_inv l.new_inv execorr polity2 cmedia edu oppo_ord wb_lg if  weuro5 == 1, fe
*********Asia
xtreg new_inv l.new_inv execorr polity2 cmedia edu oppo_ord wb_lg if asia6 == 1, fe


*****************************************************
****By Regime Type***********************************
*****************************************************

*DV: Trad. Media Censorship
****************************

***********************
**Model 5: Full Demo.**
***********************
xtreg trad_inv l.trad_inv execorr cmedia edu oppo_ord wb_lg if polity_ord==2, fe

************************
**Model 6: Part, Demo.**
************************
xtreg trad_inv l.trad_inv execorr cmedia edu oppo_ord wb_lg if polity_ord==1, fe

************************
***Model 7: Autocracy***
************************
xtreg trad_inv l.trad_inv execorr cmedia edu oppo_ord wb_lg if polity_ord==0, fe

*DV: Trad. Media Censorship
****************************

***********************
**Model 8 Full Demo.**
***********************
xtreg new_inv l.new_inv execorr cmedia edu oppo_ord wb_lg if polity_ord==2, fe

************************
**Model 9: Part, Demo.**
************************
xtreg new_inv l.new_inv execorr cmedia edu oppo_ord wb_lg if polity_ord==1, fe

************************
***Model 10: Autocracy***
************************
xtreg new_inv l.new_inv execorr cmedia edu oppo_ord wb_lg if polity_ord==0, fe


*****************************************************
****Substantive Interpretations**********************
*****************************************************

*****************************************
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
*MODEL 1 (DV. Trad. Media: Main Analysis)
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 
*****************************************

*find 25% and 75% quartiles of IV (execorr)
sum execorr, detail
*25%Q= .2169973 
*75%Q= .7679482 

*Formula for executive corruption levels @ 25% quartile

*Get LDV mean

sum l.trad_inv 

*y_hat(x_low) = LDV_mean*B1 + excorr_25%q*B2 + B3_constant

display (-.244133*.9391448) + (.2169973*.1709468) + -.1157433 
* = -.30792454

*y_hat(x_high) = LDV_mean*B1 + excorr_75%q*B2 + 

display (-.244133*.9391448) + (.7679482*.1709468) + -.1157433 
* = -.21374125

*Distance, or change from 25%Q to 75%Q
display (-.30792454 - -.21374125)*-1
* = .09418329

*Change from 25Q to 75Q over Y st. dev.
display .09418329/1.651716 

* = .05702148

*Substantive Result: A move from 25%Q to 75%Q results in a 6% change in the DV's standard deviation.

*****************************************
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
*MODEL 2 (DV. Trad. Media: Main Analysis)
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 
***************************************** 

*find 25% and 75% quartiles of IV (execorr)
sum execorr, detail
*25%Q= .2169973 
*75%Q= .7679482 

*Formula for executive corruption levels @ 25% quartile

*y_hat(x_low) = LDV_mean*B1 + excorr_25%q*B2 + polity_mean*B3 + cmedia_mean*B4 + 
// edu_mean*B5 + oppo_mean*B6 + lggdppc_mean*B7 + B8

display (-.244133*.7338139) + (.2169973*.3735493) + (.968241*-.0190943) + (52.49114*-.0072268) + ///    
(47.23972 *.0016244) + (2.591855*-.054583) + (7.286762*-.0263229) + .3896581 
* = -.36280552

*y_hat(x_high) = LDV_mean*B1 + excorr_st.dev_mean*B2 + polity_mean*B3 + cmedia_mean*B4 + 
// edu_mean*B5 + oppo_mean*B6 + lggdppc_mean*B7 + B8

display (-.244133*.7338139) + (.7679482 *.3735493) + (.968241*-.0190943) + (52.49114*-.0072268) + ///    
(47.23972 *.0016244) + (2.591855*-.054583) + (7.286762*-.0263229) + .3896581 
* -.15699816

*Distance, or change from 25%Q to 75%Q
display -.36280552 - -.15699816
* = .20580736

*Change from 25Q to 75Q over Y st. dev.
display .20580736/1.651716 

* = .12460215

*Substantive Result: A move from 25%Q to 75%Q results in a 12% change in the DV's standard deviation

*****************************************
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
***MODEL 3 (DV. New Media: Main Analysis)
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 
*****************************************
xtreg new_inv l.new_inv execorr, fe 

*Calculate Substantive Interpretation

*find 25% and 75% quartiles of IV (execorr)
sum execorr if year>=1993, detail
*25%Q= .2438755  
*75%Q= .7738973 

*Formula for executive corruption levels @ 25% quartile

*Get LDV mean

sum l.new_inv new_inv

*y_hat(x_low) = LDV_mean*B1 + excorr_25%q*B2 + B3_constant

display (-.7482984 *.8410513) + (.2438755*.419125) + -.3268188  
* = -.85396182

*y_hat(x_high) = LDV_mean*B1 + excorr_75%q*B2 + 

display (-.7482984 *.8410513) + (.7738973*.419125) + -.3268188  
* = -.63181644

*Distance, or change from 25%Q to 75%Q
display (-.85396182 - -.63181644)*-1
* = .22214538

*Change from 25Q to 75Q over Y st. dev.
display .22214538/1.29971  

* = .17091919

*Substantive Result: A move from 25%Q to 75%Q results in a 17.1% change in the DV's standard deviation.

*****************************************
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
***MODEL 4 (DV. New Media: Main Analysis)
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 
*****************************************
xtreg new_inv l.new_inv execorr polity2 cmedia edu oppo_ord wb_lg, fe 

*Calculate Substantive Interpretation

*find 25% and 75% quartiles of IV (execorr)
sum execorr if year>=1993, detail
*25%Q= .2438755  
*75%Q= .7738973 

*mean of lagged DV
sum l.new_inv 

sum trad_inv new_inv execorr polity2 cmedia edu oppo_ord wb_lg if year>=1993

*Formula for executive corruption levels @ 25% quartile

*y_hat(x_low) = LDV_mean*B1 + excorr_25%q*B2 + polity_mean*B3 + cmedia_mean*B4 + 
// edu_mean*B5 + oppo_mean*B6 + lggdppc_mean*B7 + B8

display (-.7482984 *.7511717) + (.2438755*.3459854) + (3.691603*-.0039776) + (63.04774*-.005937) + ///    
(60.70022*.0004108) + (3.190157*-.0330636) + (7.833605*.0279893) + -.1103986  
* = -.83840528

*y_hat(x_high) = LDV_mean*B1 + excorr_st.dev_mean*B2 + polity_mean*B3 + cmedia_mean*B4 + 
// edu_mean*B5 + oppo_mean*B6 + lggdppc_mean*B7 + B8

display (-.7482984 *.7511717) + (.7738973*.3459854) + (3.691603*-.0039776) + (63.04774*-.005937) + ///    
(60.70022*.0004108) + (3.190157*-.0330636) + (7.833605*.0279893) + -.1103986 
* -.65502547

*Distance, or change from 25%Q to 75%Q
display (-.83840528 - -.65502547)*-1
* = 18337981

*Change from 25Q to 75Q over Y st. dev.
display .18337981/1.29971

* = .14109287

*Substantive Result: A move from 25%Q to 75%Q results in a 14.1% change in the DV's standard deviation

*******************
* * * * * * * * * *
*REGIONAL ANALYSES*
* * * * * * * * * *
*******************

***************************
*****Region: New Media*****
***************************

*****EASTERN EUROPE/C. ASIA
****************************

xtreg trad_inv l.trad_inv execorr polity2 cmedia edu oppo_ord wb_lg if eeuro1 == 1, fe
*find 25% and 75% quartiles of IV (execorr)
sum execorr if eeuro==1, detail
*25%Q= .2338859
*75%Q= .7698286 

sum trad_inv l.trad_inv execorr polity2 cmedia edu oppo_ord wb_lg if eeuro==1

*Formula for executive corruption levels @ 25% quartile

*y_hat(x_low) = LDV_mean*B1 + excorr_25%q*B2 + polity_mean*B3 + cmedia_mean*B4 + 
// edu_mean*B5 + oppo_mean*B6 + lggdppc_mean*B7 + B8

display (.0469131 *.4542299) + (.2338859*.7084415) + (.7113527*-.0184851) + (56.16745*-.0139301) + ///    
(76.06895*.0055164) + (2.20442*-.2408893) + (7.906328 *.0115492) + .4038145  
* = -.22483198

*y_hat(x_high) = LDV_mean*B1 + excorr_st.dev_mean*B2 + polity_mean*B3 + cmedia_mean*B4 + 
// edu_mean*B5 + oppo_mean*B6 + lggdppc_mean*B7 + B8

display (.0469131 *.4542299) + (.7698286*.7084415) + (.7113527*-.0184851) + (56.16745*-.0139301) + ///    
(76.06895*.0055164) + (2.20442*-.2408893) + (7.906328 *.0115492) + .4038145  
* .15485207

*Distance, or change from 25%Q to 75%Q
display (-.22483198 - .15485207)*-1
* = .37968405

*Change from 25Q to 75Q over Y st. dev.
display .37968405/1.847372  
* = .20552658

*Substantive Result: A move from 25%Q to 75%Q results in a 20.5% change in the DV's standard deviation

*****LATIN AMERICA/CARIB
************************

xtreg trad_inv l.trad_inv execorr polity2 cmedia edu oppo_ord wb_lg if la_carib2 == 1, fe

*find 25% and 75% quartiles of IV (execorr)
sum execorr if la_carib2==1, detail
*25%Q= .2838956
*75%Q= .7790929  

sum trad_inv l.trad_inv execorr polity2 cmedia edu oppo_ord wb_lg if la_carib2==1

*Formula for executive corruption levels @ 25% quartile

*y_hat(x_low) = LDV_mean*B1 + excorr_25%q*B2 + polity_mean*B3 + cmedia_mean*B4 + 
// edu_mean*B5 + oppo_mean*B6 + lggdppc_mean*B7 + B8

display (-.4443149 *.6458933) + (.2838956*.6218734) + (3.099922*-.0382794) + (56.19386*-.0094534) + ///    
(43.43388*.0032575) + (3.341121*-.0702332) + (7.417489*.0315601) + .0508248  
* = -.56856935

*Formula for executive corruption levels @ 75% quartile

*y_hat(x_high) = LDV_mean*B1 + excorr_st.dev_mean*B2 + polity_mean*B3 + cmedia_mean*B4 + 
// edu_mean*B5 + oppo_mean*B6 + lggdppc_mean*B7 + B8

display (-.4443149 *.6458933) + (.7790929*.6218734) + (3.099922*-.0382794) + (56.19386*-.0094534) + ///    
(43.43388*.0032575) + (3.341121*-.0702332) + (7.417489*.0315601) + .0508248  
* -.26061932

*Distance, or change from 25%Q to 75%Q
display (-.56856935 - -.26061932)*-1
* = .30795003

*Change from 25Q to 75Q over Y st. dev.
display .30795003/1.531938  
* = .2010199

*Substantive Result: A move from 25%Q to 75%Q results in a 20.1% change in the DV's standard deviation

*****MIDDLE EAST/N. AFRICA
***************************

xtreg trad_inv l.trad_inv execorr polity2 cmedia edu oppo_ord wb_lg if mena3==1, fe

*find 25% and 75% quartiles of IV (execorr)
sum execorr if mena3==1, detail
*25%Q= .3529708 
*75%Q= .7970908   

sum trad_inv l.trad_inv execorr polity2 cmedia edu oppo_ord wb_lg if mena3==1

*Formula for executive corruption levels @ 25% quartile

*y_hat(x_low) = LDV_mean*B1 + excorr_25%q*B2 + polity_mean*B3 + cmedia_mean*B4 + 
// edu_mean*B5 + oppo_mean*B6 + lggdppc_mean*B7 + B8

display (.7022088*.6433481) + (.3529708*.6162895) + (-3.52524*-.0247694) + (47.45427*-.0090658) + ///    
(50.13616*.0041785) + (2.048718*-.0204008) + (7.741775*-.0204008) + .3065572   
* = .64272131

*Formula for executive corruption levels @ 75% quartile

*y_hat(x_high) = LDV_mean*B1 + excorr_st.dev_mean*B2 + polity_mean*B3 + cmedia_mean*B4 + 
// edu_mean*B5 + oppo_mean*B6 + lggdppc_mean*B7 + B8

display (.7022088*.6433481) + (.7970908*.6162895) + (-3.52524*-.0247694) + (47.45427*-.0090658) + ///    
(50.13616*.0041785) + (2.048718*-.0204008) + (7.741775*-.0204008) + .3065572   
* .9164278

*Distance, or change from 25%Q to 75%Q
display (.64272131 - .9164278)*-1
* = .27370649

*Change from 25Q to 75Q over Y st. dev.
display .27370649/1.162807   
* = .23538428

*Substantive Result: A move from 25%Q to 75%Q results in a 23.5% change in the DV's standard deviation

*****SUB-SAH. AFRICA
*********************

xtreg trad_inv l.trad_inv execorr polity2 cmedia edu oppo_ord wb_lg if  ssa4 == 1, fe

*find 25% and 75% quartiles of IV (execorr)
sum execorr if ssa4==1, detail
*25%Q= .423187 
*75%Q= .8323945    

sum trad_inv l.trad_inv execorr polity2 cmedia edu oppo_ord wb_lg if ssa4==1

*Formula for executive corruption levels @ 25% quartile

*y_hat(x_low) = LDV_mean*B1 + excorr_25%q*B2 + polity_mean*B3 + cmedia_mean*B4 + 
// edu_mean*B5 + oppo_mean*B6 + lggdppc_mean*B7 + B8

display (.2281003*.8060982 ) + (.423187*.2678289) + (-2.00736*-.0114013) + (37.53161*-.0048343) + ///    
(19.77115*-.0015453) + (2.053995*-.0452683) + (6.101751*-.0027398) + .1373015    
* = .1357111

*Formula for executive corruption levels @ 75% quartile

*y_hat(x_high) = LDV_mean*B1 + excorr_st.dev_mean*B2 + polity_mean*B3 + cmedia_mean*B4 + 
// edu_mean*B5 + oppo_mean*B6 + lggdppc_mean*B7 + B8

display (.2281003*.8060982 ) + (.8323945*.2678289) + (-2.00736*-.0114013) + (37.53161*-.0048343) + ///    
(19.77115*-.0015453) + (2.053995*-.0452683) + (6.101751*-.0027398) + .1373015    
* .2453087

*Distance, or change from 25%Q to 75%Q (multiply by -1 to get positive value)
display (.1357111 - .2453087)*-1
* = .1095976

*Change from 25Q to 75Q over Y st. dev.
display .1095976/1.193248    
* = .09184813

*Substantive Result: A move from 25%Q to 75%Q results in a 9.2% change in the DV's standard deviation

*****W. EURO/N. AM./OCEANIA
***************************
*(Insignificant result)

*****ASIA
*********
xtreg trad_inv l.trad_inv execorr polity2 cmedia edu oppo_ord wb_lg if asia6==1, fe

*find 25% and 75% quartiles of IV (execorr)
sum execorr if asia6==1, detail
*25%Q= .340181 
*75%Q= .7866477    

sum trad_inv l.trad_inv execorr polity2 cmedia edu oppo_ord wb_lg if asia6==1

*Formula for executive corruption levels @ 25% quartile

*y_hat(x_low) = LDV_mean*B1 + excorr_25%q*B2 + polity_mean*B3 + cmedia_mean*B4 + 
// edu_mean*B5 + oppo_mean*B6 + lggdppc_mean*B7 + B8

display (.1178433*.6977117) + (.340181*.1287098) + (.1531381*-.0100581) + (44.94995*-.0095916) + ///    
(44.26232*.0012852) + (2.273498*-.0761425) + (6.626062 *-.0023433) + .5236014    
* = .08517372

*Formula for executive corruption levels @ 75% quartile

*y_hat(x_high) = LDV_mean*B1 + excorr_st.dev_mean*B2 + polity_mean*B3 + cmedia_mean*B4 + 
// edu_mean*B5 + oppo_mean*B6 + lggdppc_mean*B7 + B8

display (.1178433*.6977117) + (.7866477*.1287098) + (.1531381*-.0100581) + (44.94995*-.0095916) + ///    
(44.26232*.0012852) + (2.273498*-.0761425) + (6.626062 *-.0023433) + .5236014    
* .14263836

*Distance, or change from 25%Q to 75%Q (multiply by -1 to get positive value)
display (.08517372 - .14263836)*-1
* = .05746464

*Change from 25Q to 75Q over Y st. dev.
display .05746464/1.533221     
* = .03747968

*Substantive Result: A move from 25%Q to 75%Q results in a 3.7% change in the DV's standard deviation

***************************
*****Region: New Media*****
***************************

*****EASTERN EURO./C. ASIA
**************************
*Not significant


*****LATIN AM./CARIB.
*********************
xtreg new_inv l.new_inv execorr polity2 cmedia edu oppo_ord wb_lg if  la_carib2==1, fe

*find 25% and 75% quartiles of IV (execorr)
sum execorr if la_carib2==1 & year>=1993, detail
*25%Q= .2059449  
*75%Q= .6805373    

sum new_inv l.new_inv execorr polity2 cmedia edu oppo_ord wb_lg if la_carib2==1 & year>=1993

*Formula for executive corruption levels @ 25% quartile

*y_hat(x_low) = LDV_mean*B1 + excorr_25%q*B2 + polity_mean*B3 + cmedia_mean*B4 + 
// edu_mean*B5 + oppo_mean*B6 + lggdppc_mean*B7 + B8

display (-1.201482*.6531318) + (.6805373*.3610673) + (6.786538*-.0105895) + (69.56931*.0002864) + ///    
(62.93383*.0004319) + (3.871698*.0201125) + (8.134749*.0035783) + -.6800763     
* = -1.3082246

*Formula for executive corruption levels @ 75% quartile

*y_hat(x_high) = LDV_mean*B1 + excorr_st.dev_mean*B2 + polity_mean*B3 + cmedia_mean*B4 + 
// edu_mean*B5 + oppo_mean*B6 + lggdppc_mean*B7 + B8

display (-1.201482*.6531318) + (.2059449*.3610673) + (6.786538*-.0105895) + (69.56931*.0002864) + ///    
(62.93383*.0004319) + (3.871698*.0201125) + (8.134749*.0035783) + -.6800763     
* = -1.1368648

*Distance, or change from 25%Q to 75%Q (multiply by -1 to get positive value)
display (-1.3082246 - -1.1368648)*-1
* = .1713598

*Change from 25Q to 75Q over Y st. dev.
display .1713598/.8287081     
* = .20677944

*Substantive Result: A move from 25%Q to 75%Q results in a 20.7% change in the DV's standard deviation

*****MIDDLE EAST/N. AFRICA
**************************
xtreg new_inv l.new_inv execorr polity2 cmedia edu oppo_ord wb_lg if mena3==1, fe

*find 25% and 75% quartiles of IV (execorr)
sum execorr if mena3==1 & year>=1993, detail
*25%Q= .3902391   
*75%Q= .8230062     

sum new_inv l.new_inv execorr polity2 cmedia edu oppo_ord wb_lg if mena3==1 & year>=1993

*Formula for executive corruption levels @ 25% quartile

*y_hat(x_low) = LDV_mean*B1 + excorr_25%q*B2 + polity_mean*B3 + cmedia_mean*B4 + 
// edu_mean*B5 + oppo_mean*B6 + lggdppc_mean*B7 + B8

display (.6050551*.5882586) + (.3902391*3.761637) + (-2.216867*.0258334) + (57.54229*-.0150427) + ///    
(67.3549*-.0034374) + (2.428571*.3277545) + (8.413211*.0084684) + -1.727234      
* = -.19053214

*Formula for executive corruption levels @ 75% quartile

*y_hat(x_high) = LDV_mean*B1 + excorr_st.dev_mean*B2 + polity_mean*B3 + cmedia_mean*B4 + 
// edu_mean*B5 + oppo_mean*B6 + lggdppc_mean*B7 + B8

display (.6050551*.5882586) + (.8230062*3.761637) + (-2.216867*.0258334) + (57.54229*-.0150427) + ///    
(67.3549*-.0034374) + (2.428571*.3277545) + (8.413211*.0084684) + -1.727234      
* = 1.4373806

*Distance, or change from 25%Q to 75%Q (multiply by -1 to get positive value)
display (-.19053214 - 1.4373806)*-1
* = .1713598

*Change from 25Q to 75Q over Y st. dev.
display 1.6279127/1.698071      
* = .95868353

*Substantive Result: A move from 25%Q to 75%Q results in a 95.9% change in the DV's standard deviation

*****SUB-SAH. AFRICA
********************
xtreg new_inv l.new_inv execorr polity2 cmedia edu oppo_ord wb_lg if ssa4==1, fe

*find 25% and 75% quartiles of IV (execorr)
sum execorr if ssa4==1 & year>=1993, detail
*25%Q= .4823384    
*75%Q= .8506194     

sum new_inv l.new_inv execorr polity2 cmedia edu oppo_ord wb_lg if ssa4==1 & year>=1993

*Formula for executive corruption levels @ 25% quartile

*y_hat(x_low) = LDV_mean*B1 + excorr_25%q*B2 + polity_mean*B3 + cmedia_mean*B4 + 
// edu_mean*B5 + oppo_mean*B6 + lggdppc_mean*B7 + B8

display (-.5597529*.8160137) + (.4823384*.215945 ) + (1.464744*-.0035943) + (49.10527*-.0079606) + ///    
(28.25529*.0004949) + (2.901099*.0466067) + (6.501476*.0211097) + -.1560663       
* = -.61840751

*Formula for executive corruption levels @ 75% quartile

*y_hat(x_high) = LDV_mean*B1 + excorr_st.dev_mean*B2 + polity_mean*B3 + cmedia_mean*B4 + 
// edu_mean*B5 + oppo_mean*B6 + lggdppc_mean*B7 + B8

display (-.5597529*.8160137) + (.8506194*.215945 ) + (1.464744*-.0035943) + (49.10527*-.0079606) + ///    
(28.25529*.0004949) + (2.901099*.0466067) + (6.501476*.0211097) + -.1560663       
* = -.53887907

*Distance, or change from 25%Q to 75%Q (multiply by -1 to get positive value)
display (-.61840751 - -.53887907)*-1
* = .07952844

*Change from 25Q to 75Q over Y st. dev.
display .07952844/1.024132       
* = .07765448

*Substantive Result: A move from 25%Q to 75%Q results in a 7.8% change in the DV's standard deviation

*****W. EURO/N. AM/OCEANIA
**************************
*Not stat. significant

******ASIA
**********
xtreg new_inv l.new_inv execorr polity2 cmedia edu oppo_ord wb_lg if asia6==1, fe

*find 25% and 75% quartiles of IV (execorr)
sum execorr if asia6==1 & year>=1993, detail
*25%Q= .4061255     
*75%Q= .7694302      

sum new_inv l.new_inv execorr polity2 cmedia edu oppo_ord wb_lg if asia6==1==1 & year>=1993

*Formula for executive corruption levels @ 25% quartile

*y_hat(x_low) = LDV_mean*B1 + excorr_25%q*B2 + polity_mean*B3 + cmedia_mean*B4 + 
// edu_mean*B5 + oppo_mean*B6 + lggdppc_mean*B7 + B8

display (-.2614817*.7274887) + (.4061255*.4815495) + (2.901186*-.0092997) + (57.10719*-.0065794) + ///    
(55.92334*.0007591) + (2.891071*-.0109877) + (7.299784*.0993111) + -.60929       
* = -.27102189

*Formula for executive corruption levels @ 75% quartile

*y_hat(x_high) = LDV_mean*B1 + excorr_st.dev_mean*B2 + polity_mean*B3 + cmedia_mean*B4 + 
// edu_mean*B5 + oppo_mean*B6 + lggdppc_mean*B7 + B8

display (-.2614817*.7274887) + (.7694302*.4815495) + (2.901186*-.0092997) + (57.10719*-.0065794) + ///    
(55.92334*.0007591) + (2.891071*-.0109877) + (7.299784*.0993111) + -.60929       
* = -.09607269

*Distance, or change from 25%Q to 75%Q (multiply by -1 to get positive value)
display (-.27102189 - -.09607269)*-1
* = .1749492

*Change from 25Q to 75Q over Y st. dev.
display .1749492/1.087386        
* = .16088969

*Substantive Result: A move from 25%Q to 75%Q results in a 16.1% change in the DV's standard deviation

*******************
* * * * * * * * * *
*REGIONAL ANALYSES*
* * * * * * * * * *
*******************

****************************************
*Model 5: Full Democracy, DV=Trad. Media
**************************************** 
xtreg trad_inv l.trad_inv execorr cmedia edu oppo_ord wb_lg if polity_ord==2, fe

*find 25% and 75% quartiles of IV (execorr)
sum execorr if polity_ord==2, detail
*25%Q= .0356926  
*75%Q= .3657432    

sum trad_inv l.trad_inv execorr cmedia edu oppo_ord wb_lg if polity_ord==2

*Formula for executive corruption levels @ 25% quartile

*y_hat(x_low) = LDV_mean*B1 + excorr_25%q*B2 + cmedia_mean*B3 + 
// edu_mean*B4 + oppo_mean*B5 + lggdppc_mean*B6 + B7

display (-1.979779*.624559) + (.0356926*1.009012) + (81.01768*-.0017193) + ///    
(69.03239*.0027674) + (3.925329*.0387781) + (8.531374*-.0835784) + -.4884162    
* = -2.197966

*Formula for executive corruption levels @ 75% quartile

*y_hat(x_low) = LDV_mean*B1 + excorr_25%q*B2 + cmedia_mean*B3 + 
// edu_mean*B4 + oppo_mean*B5 + lggdppc_mean*B6 + B7

display (-1.979779*.624559) + (.3657432*1.009012) + (81.01768*-.0017193) + ///    
(69.03239*.0027674) + (3.925329*.0387781) + (8.531374*-.0835784) + -.4884162    
* = -1.864941

*Distance, or change from 25%Q to 75%Q (multiply by -1 to get positive value)
display (-2.197966 - -1.864941)*-1
* = .333025

*Change from 25Q to 75Q over Y st. dev.
display .333025/.9109145     
* = .36559414

*Substantive Result: A move from 25%Q to 75%Q results in a 36.6% change in the DV's standard deviation

*****************************************
*Model 6: Part. Democracy, DV=Trad. Media
*****************************************
xtreg trad_inv l.trad_inv execorr cmedia edu oppo_ord wb_lg if polity_ord==1, fe

*find 25% and 75% quartiles of IV (execorr)
sum execorr if polity_ord==1, detail
*25%Q= .404784   
*75%Q= .77232     

sum trad_inv l.trad_inv execorr cmedia edu oppo_ord wb_lg if polity_ord==1

*Formula for executive corruption levels @ 25% quartile

*y_hat(x_low) = LDV_mean*B1 + excorr_25%q*B2 + cmedia_mean*B3 + 
// edu_mean*B4 + oppo_mean*B5 + lggdppc_mean*B6 + B7

display (-.4803958*.5669763) + (.404784*.5201358) + (54.90416*-.0122569) + ///    
(42.48448*.0017528) + (3.401114*-.1645922) + (6.906899*.0245835) + .4591037     
* = -.59121577

*Formula for executive corruption levels @ 75% quartile

*y_hat(x_low) = LDV_mean*B1 + excorr_25%q*B2 + cmedia_mean*B3 + 
// edu_mean*B4 + oppo_mean*B5 + lggdppc_mean*B6 + B7

display (-.4803958*.5669763) + (.77232*.5201358) + (54.90416*-.0122569) + ///    
(42.48448*.0017528) + (3.401114*-.1645922) + (6.906899*.0245835) + .4591037     
* = -.40004714

*Distance, or change from 25%Q to 75%Q (multiply by -1 to get positive value)
display (-.59121577 - -.40004714)*-1
* = .19116863

*Change from 25Q to 75Q over Y st. dev.
display .19116863/.9952441      
* = .19208215

*Substantive Result: A move from 25%Q to 75%Q results in a 19.2% change in the DV's standard deviation

**********************************
*Model 7: Autcracy, DV=Trad. Media
**********************************
xtreg trad_inv l.trad_inv execorr cmedia edu oppo_ord wb_lg if polity_ord==0, fe

*find 25% and 75% quartiles of IV (execorr)
sum execorr if polity_ord==0, detail
*25%Q= .455005    
*75%Q= .8644887     

sum trad_inv l.trad_inv execorr cmedia edu oppo_ord wb_lg if polity_ord==0

*Formula for executive corruption levels @ 25% quartile

*y_hat(x_low) = LDV_mean*B1 + excorr_25%q*B2 + cmedia_mean*B3 + 
// edu_mean*B4 + oppo_mean*B5 + lggdppc_mean*B6 + B7

display (1.003229*.6756591) + (.455005*.5722253) + (32.28045*-.0120526) + ///    
(30.1596*.0018842) + (1.329642*-.0684073) + (6.361554*-.0341012) + .5692242      
* = .8672999

*Formula for executive corruption levels @ 75% quartile

*y_hat(x_low) = LDV_mean*B1 + excorr_25%q*B2 + cmedia_mean*B3 + 
// edu_mean*B4 + oppo_mean*B5 + lggdppc_mean*B6 + B7

display (1.003229*.6756591) + (.8644887*.5722253) + (32.28045*-.0120526) + ///    
(30.1596*.0018842) + (1.329642*-.0684073) + (6.361554*-.0341012) + .5692242      
* = 1.1016168

*Distance, or change from 25%Q to 75%Q (multiply by -1 to get positive value)
display (.8672999 - 1.1016168)*-1
* = .2343169

*Change from 25Q to 75Q over Y st. dev.
display .2343169/1.066102      
* = .21978844

*Substantive Result: A move from 25%Q to 75%Q results in a 22% change in the DV's standard deviation

***************************************
*Model 8: Full Democracy, DV=New Media
***************************************
xtreg new_inv l.new_inv execorr cmedia edu oppo_ord wb_lg if polity_ord==2, fe
*Not stat. sig.

***************************************
*Model 9: Part. Democracy, DV=New Media
***************************************
xtreg new_inv l.new_inv execorr cmedia edu oppo_ord wb_lg if polity_ord==1, fe

*find 25% and 75% quartiles of IV (execorr)
sum execorr if polity_ord==1 &year>=1993, detail
*25%Q= .4880066   
*75%Q= .7932673    

sum trad_inv l.trad_inv execorr cmedia edu oppo_ord wb_lg if polity_ord==1 &year>=1993

*Formula for executive corruption levels @ 25% quartile

*y_hat(x_low) = LDV_mean*B1 + excorr_25%q*B2 + cmedia_mean*B3 + 
// edu_mean*B4 + oppo_mean*B5 + lggdppc_mean*B6 + B7

display (-.6316112*.5419798) + (.4880066*.3442132) + (58.52656*-.0068445) + ///    
(50.83544*-.0033876) + (3.397577*.0033107) + (7.124044*.113681) + -.8405849     
* = -.76660547

*Formula for executive corruption levels @ 75% quartile

*y_hat(x_low) = LDV_mean*B1 + excorr_25%q*B2 + cmedia_mean*B3 + 
// edu_mean*B4 + oppo_mean*B5 + lggdppc_mean*B6 + B7

display (-.6316112*.5419798) + (.7932673*.3442132) + (58.52656*-.0068445) + ///    
(50.83544*-.0033876) + (3.397577*.0033107) + (7.124044*.113681) + -.8405849     
* = -.66153071

*Distance, or change from 25%Q to 75%Q (multiply by -1 to get positive value)
display (-.76660547 - -.66153071)*-1
* = .10507476

*Change from 25Q to 75Q over Y st. dev.
display .10507476/.8476139     
* = .12396536

*Substantive Result: A move from 25%Q to 75%Q results in a 12.4% change in the DV's standard deviation

***********************************
*Model 10: Autocracy, DV=New Media
***********************************
xtreg new_inv l.new_inv execorr cmedia edu oppo_ord wb_lg if polity_ord==0, fe

*find 25% and 75% quartiles of IV (execorr)
sum execorr if polity_ord==0 &year>=1993, detail
*25%Q= .5582999   
*75%Q= .9059779    

sum trad_inv l.trad_inv execorr cmedia edu oppo_ord wb_lg if polity_ord==0 &year>=1993

*Formula for executive corruption levels @ 25% quartile

*y_hat(x_low) = LDV_mean*B1 + excorr_25%q*B2 + cmedia_mean*B3 + 
// edu_mean*B4 + oppo_mean*B5 + lggdppc_mean*B6 + B7

display (.669512*.785376) + (.5582999*.4354923) + (42.47701*-.0085772) + ///    
(43.54086*-.0021252) + (2.024615*.0035498) + (6.924248*.0396586) + -.0391041     
* = .55477598
*Formula for executive corruption levels @ 75% quartile

*y_hat(x_low) = LDV_mean*B1 + excorr_25%q*B2 + cmedia_mean*B3 + 
// edu_mean*B4 + oppo_mean*B5 + lggdppc_mean*B6 + B7

display (.669512*.785376) + (.9059779*.4354923) + (42.47701*-.0085772) + ///    
(43.54086*-.0021252) + (2.024615*.0035498) + (6.924248*.0396586) + -.0391041     
* = .70618707

*Distance, or change from 25%Q to 75%Q (multiply by -1 to get positive value)
display (.55477598 - .70618707)*-1
* = .15141109

*Change from 25Q to 75Q over Y st. dev.
display .15141109/1.166913     
* = .12975354

*Substantive Result: A move from 25%Q to 75%Q results in a 13% change in the DV's standard deviation

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 
******************************************
*****DIRECT GRANGER CAUSALITY ANALYSES****
******************************************
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 

*****************************
*********DGCT Panel
******************************

*Set to time series
tsset country_id year

***Excorr and Media Censorship
xtreg trad_inv  l(1/4).trad_inv l(1/4).execorr, fe
testparm l(1/4).execorr

xtreg execorr  l(1/4).execo  l(1/4).trad_inv, fe
testparm l(1/4).trad_inv

**Excorr and Internet
xtreg new_inv  l(1/4).new_inv  l(1/4).execo, fe
testparm l(1/4).execo

xtreg execor  l(1/4).execor  l(1/4).new_inv, fe
testparm l(1/4).new_inv

***********************************************
************By country (cross-section OLS******
***********************************************

*Trad. Media
*Loop individual country_id for each country (see Online Appendix for country ids)

reg trad_inv  l(1/4).trad_inv  l(1/4).execorr if country_id==55				
testparm l(1/4).execorr

reg execorr  l(1/4).execorr  l(1/4).trad_inv if country_id==55
testparm l(1/4).trad_inv
* * * * * * * * * * * * 
***********************
* * * * * * * * * * * * 
*New Media
*Loop individual country_id for each country (see Online Appendix for country ids)
reg new_inv  l(1/4).new_inv  l(1/4).execo if country_id==55
testparm l(1/4).execo

reg execor  l(1/4).execor  l(1/4).new_inv if country_id==55
testparm l(1/4).new_inv

*********************************************
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
****Investigate Multicollinearity (Appendix)
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
*********************************************

*Load/use 'primary dataset' for this analysis

*******************
*Correlatoin Matrix
*******************
corr trad_inv new_inv execorr polity2 cmedia edu oppo_ord wb_lg 

**********
*VIF Tests
**********

*Main Analyses
**************

*Main Analysis: Model 1
reg trad_inv l.trad_inv execorr
vif
*Mean VIF: 1.54

*Main Analysis: Model 2
reg trad_inv l.trad_inv execorr polity2 cmedia edu oppo_ord wb_lg 
vif
*Mean VIF: 3.84

*Main Analysis: Model 3
reg new_inv l.new_inv execorr 
vif
*Mean VIF: 1.37

*Main Analysis: Model 4
reg new_inv l.new_inv execorr polity2 cmedia edu oppo_ord wb_lg 
vif
*Mean VIF: 3.32

*Regional: Trad Media
*********************

*E. Euro/ C. Asia
reg trad_inv l.trad_inv execorr polity2 cmedia edu oppo_ord wb_lg if eeuro==1
vif
*Mean VIF: 4.18

*Latin Am./Carib
reg trad_inv l.trad_inv execorr polity2 cmedia edu oppo_ord wb_lg if la_c==1
vif
*Mean VIF: 2.81

*MENA
reg trad_inv l.trad_inv execorr polity2 cmedia edu oppo_ord wb_lg if mena==1
vif
*Mean VIF: 4.06

*Sub-S. Africa
reg trad_inv l.trad_inv execorr polity2 cmedia edu oppo_ord wb_lg if ssa==1
vif
*Mean VIF: 2.45

*W. Euro/N. Am.
reg trad_inv l.trad_inv execorr polity2 cmedia edu oppo_ord wb_lg if weuro==1 
vif
*Mean VIF: 8.17

*Asia
reg trad_inv l.trad_inv execorr polity2 cmedia edu oppo_ord wb_lg if asia==1
vif
*Mean VIF: 3.08

*Regional: New Media
*********************

*E. Euro/ C. Asia
reg new_inv l.new_inv execorr polity2 cmedia edu oppo_ord wb_lg if eeuro==1
vif
*Mean VIF: 4.38

*Latin Am./Carib
reg new_inv l.new_inv execorr polity2 cmedia edu oppo_ord wb_lg if la_c==1
vif
*Mean VIF: 2.37

*MENA
reg new_inv l.new_inv execorr polity2 cmedia edu oppo_ord wb_lg if mena==1
vif
*Mean VIF: 3.49

*Sub-S. Africa
reg new_inv l.new_inv execorr polity2 cmedia edu oppo_ord wb_lg if ssa==1
vif
*Mean VIF: 2.33

*W. Euro/N. Am.
reg new_inv l.new_inv execorr polity2 cmedia edu oppo_ord wb_lg if weuro==1 
vif
*Mean VIF: 1.63

*Asia
reg new_inv l.new_inv execorr polity2 cmedia edu oppo_ord wb_lg if asia==1
vif
*Mean VIF: 3.22

*Regime Type
************

*Demo: DV, Trad. Media
reg trad_inv l.trad_inv execorr cmedia edu oppo_ord wb_lg if polity_o==2
vif
*Mean VIF: 2.37 

*P. Demo: DV, Trad. Media
reg trad_inv l.trad_inv  execorr cmedia edu oppo_ord wb_lg if polity_o==1
vif
*Mean VIF: 1.72

*Auto: DV, Trad. Media
reg trad_inv l.trad_inv  execorr cmedia edu oppo_ord wb_lg if polity_o==0
vif
*Mean VIF: 1.61

*Demo: DV, New Media
reg new_inv l.new_inv execorr cmedia edu oppo_ord wb_lg if polity_o==2
vif
*Mean VIF: 2.28

*P. Demo: DV, New Media
reg new_inv l.new_inv execorr cmedia edu oppo_ord wb_lg if polity_o==1
vif
*Mean VIF: 1.80

*Auto: DV, New Media
reg new_inv l.new_inv execorr cmedia edu oppo_ord wb_lg if polity_o==0
vif
*Mean VIF: 1.60
